OF ORNITHOLOGY 



R. 



Raekis, the shaft of a feather. 



Radius, the inner of the two bones of the forearm. 



Rami, the branches (upon the under side) of the under man 

 dible. 



Recurved, curved upward. 



Remiges, the long, true quills of a bird's wing — and includ- 

 ing the primaries, the secondaries, and the tertiaries. 



Remote, said of the hind toe when it is situated so far above 

 the others that its tip cannot reach the ground. 



Reticulate, covered with very small plate-like scales which are 

 of various (irregular) siz.js and shajies, not imbricated. 



Retrose, directed backwards. 



Rictus, the line from the base of the bill to the point of tlie 

 comiMJssnre, (inner angle of gape.) 



Rigid, stiff, inflexible, or not easily bent. 



Rostrum, the bill, the beak. 



Rounded, round, but not necessarily completely so. 



Ruff, a collection of feathers standing out at an angle from the 

 rest of the suri'ounding plumage. 



Rufous, a reddish-brown color. 



Rugose, covered with irregular elevations — roughened irregu- 

 larly, (having a surface resembling sandpaper but more 

 irregular.) 



Rump, the region just above the extremity of the backbone 

 and near to the base of the tail. 

 S. 



Sagittate, arrow-shaped. 



Scabrous, roughened with scab-like scales. 



Scapularies, the feathers springing from the shoulder-blade or 

 Sca2:)ula, (the shoulder of the wing.) 



Scurf, the dry external scales of the skin (or epidermis). 



Scutellate, covered with plate-like scales or scutellse, and gene- 

 rally so arranged that one overlaps the other like the 

 shingles of a house roof. 



Secondary quills. Secondaries, the quill feathers of the forearm 

 of a bird. 



