APPENDIX. 199 



locality in which they are collected. Notes as to the 

 relative abundance, etc., should be made. 



Many species of tlie deep-water species may be ob- 

 tained from the stomachs of such fishes as the Cod. 

 Others may be found in the gizzards of Ducks. 



Small shells which cannot be cleaned should be 

 placed in alcohol, and allowed to lie for at least twen- 

 ty-four hours, then taken out and dried in the shade. 



Some shells, like the thin-shelled Unioes, are liable 

 to crack when dry ; if the fresh shell be dipped into a 

 solution of chloride of calcium, this will be prevented. 



COEALS. 



GoRGONiAS, Sea-Fans, Sea-Pens, frequently grow 

 in comparatively shoal water. I have often seen them 

 left exposed by the falling tide; at such time, they 

 may be gathered in large quantities, for they are 

 almost always abundant. They may be dried care- 

 fully in the shade; then they will not lose their brill- 

 iant colors. 



MiLLEPORAS and other hrancliing Corals. — Some 

 species are found on reefs that are exposed at low tide, 

 but some must be obtained by dredging. A good ma- 

 chine for collecting is made in the following manner: 

 Procure a bar of iron five feet long, one inch thick, 

 and three inches wide ; have holes one inch in diam- 

 eter drilled, one inch apart, for the entire length. 

 Next, have two eye-bolts fastened in near each end. 

 Now, pass ropes, one inch in diameter and five feet in 

 length, through the holes, taking care to knot them 

 at the ends, to prevent their going entirely through. 

 Then, unravel the ropes and fasten stout lines or 

 chains to the eye-bolts. This is thrown over-board, 

 and dredged over the bottom, when the Coral will 



