BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 11 
The so-called ‘‘true butterflies’’ are distinguised by having 
the antennz set close together on the top of 
the head, this being rather narrow; the 
antennal club is abrupt at the tip, and not 
drawn into hook or recurved. In the skip- 
pers, the head is broad, the eyes are com- 
paratively small, the antennz are widely 
separated, set close to the eyes, and terminate in a pointed 
tip, which is often recurved or hooked. Fig. 16 shows a 
true butterfly, and Fig. 15 a skipper or Hesperid. A large 
series of the true butterflies is distinguished by having the 
anterior pair of feet more or less aborted or imperfect, as is 
shown in Fig 9. To these ‘‘brush-footed”’ butterflies belong 
two families, the Nymphalide, which contain medium or 
large sized species, and the Lycenidz, small species, usually 
blue or coppery in color, and frequently called ‘‘blues”’ or 
“hair-streaks.’’ Members of the family Papilionid® are 
large and showy butterflies, whose anterior feet are perfectly 
developed in both sexes. To this family belong the large 
“Swallow-tails” and insects like the cabbage-butterflies. 
The Moth or Heterocera are much more difficult to 
classify, and the reader interested in such matters is referred 
to the text-books. But usually we divide the Heterocera 
into Hawk-moths (Sphingidx); Clear-winged moths (Sesz- 
ide); Wood-nymph moths (Agaristide); Woolly-bears 
(Arctiide); Vaporer or Tussock moths (Lymantriidz); Slug- 
caterpillars (Limacodidz); Bag-worms (Psychidz); Promi- 
nents (Notodontidz); Royal moths (Ceratocampidz); Silk- 
spinners (Bombycid#); Borers (Cossidz#); Owlet-moths 
(Noctuidz); Span-worms (Geometridz). Butterflies and 
moths are frequently called Macro-lepidoptera or large 
lepidoptera, while all the others are called Micro-lepidoptera 
or small lepidopteria. These latter are also divided into 
numerous families, such as the (Pyraustide); Pyralids 
(Pyralidz); (Phycitidz); Bee-moths (Galleriide); Crambids 
(Crambidz); Feather-moths ( Pterophoridz); Leaf-rollers or 
Fig. 15.—Skipper. 
