BUTTERFLIES. 27 
In Minnesota both sexes of this beautiful butterfly have 
a yellow ground color of the wings; but south of Pennsyl- 
vania the female usually loses thiscolor and becomes almost 
black; the male, however, always retains its normal yellow 
color. 
Fig. 28.—Papilio turnus, Linn.: A,egg; B, larva crawling; 
C, larva resting; D, chrysalis. 
The winter is passed as a chrysalis (Fig. 28, D), which 
is of a dull brown color; it has a conical horn back of the 
head. Towards the end of May the butterflies appear; they 
now commence to deposit their eggs upon the leaves of 
apple and cherry trees; in the north they prefer the cherry 
and the canoe-birch for this purpose. The eges are laid 
singly, and hatch in about twelve to fourteen days. The 
very young caterpillars are black, roughened with small 
brownish-black tubercles, with the first segment thickened, 
of a dull, glossy, flesh-color, a prominent fleshy tubercle on 
each side, and a patch of white on the seventh and eighth 
segments. Fully grown, the caterpillar is about two inches 
long, with a rather large reddish-brown head, and a green 
body, paler on the sides, which tapers posteriorly; parts of 
the body are covered with a whitish bloom. On the front 
edge of the first segment is a raised yellow fold, which 
slightly overhangs the head, and from which, when irritated, 
the caterpillar can protrude a yellow, fleshy and forked 
organ, which gives off a peculiar odor, disagreeable to some 
persons. No doubt this peculiar organ, found near the hea 
c 
