BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 
INJURIOUS TO OUR FRUIT-PRODUCING PLANTS. 
Butterflies and moths are better known to the casual 
observer than other insects. The former, which are active 
only during the day, and which fly in the brightest sun- 
shine, are frequently so beautifully colored as to well deserve 
the name ‘‘winged flowers.’’ The term “Lepidoptera,” which 
means scale-wings, is well chosen, as the insects belonging to 
the Order of Lepidoptera have both sides of their wings, as 
well as their bodies, more or less densely clothed with scales. 
These scales differ greatly in form and size, even in the same 
insect, and yet more so in the different groups, so that a 
certain family may even show forms peculiar to it alone. 
Some of these scales are not simply organs that serve asa 
protection to the wings proper, but they possess other 
functions as well, hence we find sometimes very highly de- 
veloped scales on the wings of the male only, usually con- 
fined to very limited areas, or even concealed in folds. 
Seales are simply modified hairs, which, instead of growing 
long and slender, remain short and grow very wide. Every 
graduation in form, from hair to scale, can be found. If we 
capture with our fingers a butterfly or moth, and let the 
insect escape again, we find adhering to our fingers dust of 
various colors. If we look at this dust with a magnifying 
glass, we perceive at once that this glistening material is 
not simply dust, but that it is composed of scales rubbed off 
the wings and body of the captured insect. Numerous 
beautiful and highly-colored scales of different shapes are 
thus seen. When we study the wings from which these 
scales are removed we see that such scales are arranged as 
regularly as the scales on a fish, or the shingles on a roof, 
and we can also detect how the beautiful markings on the 
wings are produced. A glance through a microscope will 
show us that the colored spots and lines on the wings are 
