PROMINENTS. LOT 
gether on a limb of the tree, and there form sometimes 
large bunches of worms. Each larva, when at rest, assumes 
a very odd and characteristic position; both extremities are 
raised, the body is bent, and rests only on the four pairs of 
prolegs, as shown in Fig. 104, a. If touched or otherwise 
alarmed they throw up their heads and tails with a jerky 
motion, at the same time bending the body until the two 
extremities. almost meet over the back; they also sway their 
bodies from side to side. These jerky motions are intended to 
drive off marauding parasites, but frequently with but little 
benefit, as large numbers of the caterpillars are killed by 
such parasitic insects as the Tachina-flies. All caterpillars 
feed together, crowded upon the under surface of the leaves, 
and if we look closely we see along the margins a row of 
their shining black heads. When mature they all leave the 
tree, descending by night to the ground, where they burrow 
under the surface to a depth of from two to four inches. 
Here they change to naked brown pupe, not enclosed in any 
silken cocoons whatever, and here they remain until the 
following July when the moths emerge. 
Each female deposits from seventy to one hundred eggs 
in a single cluster on the surface of a leaf. Each egg is white 
and round, and all are placed firmly cemented together side 
by side in regular order. 
The moth is of a reddish or russety-brown color, with 
the head and a large spot on the thorax chestnut-brown. 
The fore-wings are crossed by three to five transverse darker 
brown lines, one or two spots are near the middle, and the 
outer-margin is also of the same color. The hind-wings are 
pale-vellow and without markings. When the moth is at 
rest it has the posterior part of the body raised up and the 
fore-legs stretched out at full length. Both sexes of the 
moths are also shown in Fig. 105, Plate XII. 
As this insect is seldom very numerous hand-picking at 
the proper time is all that is required. This is very easy, as 
the caterpillars feed together, and also cluster on the trunk 
