SPAN-WORMS. 183 
The green caterpillar is stated to feed upon the leaves of 
grapes, one of which is rolled up by it and thus forms a 
shelter. It reaches its full size early in August, when it 
descends to the ground and where it transforms to a pupa 
among the rubbish found there. 
THE PLUM GEOMETER. 
(Eumacaria brunnearia Pack.). 
The caterpillars of this beautiful geometer feed upon the 
leaves of the wild red cherry, but occur also upon plum and 
apple trees. They are nearly an inch long when they reach 
their full size towards the middle of July; their color is dull 
dark red, resembling very closely that of the bark upon 
which they rest. Their head is dark red, almost black, with 
white sutures; the longitudinal stripes usually found upon 
the sides of such caterpillars are simply represented by faint 
white lines; spots of the same color occur also upon the 
sides. The round spiracles are situated on small black 
tubercles. The caterpillars vary considerably both in colors 
and markings. At rest they are very difficult to detect, as 
they hold on only by their prolegs, their cylindrical, smooth 
and uniform body standing out like a short branch; some- 
times they hold on to a leaf by their fore-legs, making their 
bodies appear like petioles. They descend to the ground 
and transform to rather stout dark brown pupe with a 
rounded and smooth front; the last segment ends in a 
rather long spine with terminal hooklets. The pupa, which 
is not protected by a cocoon, remains in the ground over 
winter. 
The moth is of a uniform brown color with but few 
markings. On the fore-wings are three transverse dark- 
brown lines; the hind-wings are somewhat paler and 
ochreous with two distinct dark lines. The moth expands 
about one inch across the wings. (Fig. 184%.) 
