SPAN-WORMS. 201 
hold and causing her to fall repeatedly to the ground until 
she becomes exhausted and dies. In the first class is 
included tar mixed with oil to prevent its drying, and 
applied either directly around the body of the tree, or on 
strips of old canvas or stiff paper, about five or six inches 
wide, and tied in the middle with a string; refuse sorghum 
molasses, printer’s ink, and slow drying varnishes, are used 
inasimilar manner. Tin, lead and rubber troughs, to con- 
tain oil also belong to this class of remedies, and have all 
been used with more or less success. Inthe use of any of the 
first named sticky substances, it should be borne in mind 
that they should be kept sticky by frequent renewal of the 
surface in mild weather, or the application will be useless; 
they should also be applied as early as the latter part of 
October, and kept on until the leaves are expanded in the 
following spring. It must also be remembered that some of 
the moths, defeated in their attempts to climb the trees, will 
deposit their eggs near the ground or anywhere in fact, 
below the barrier, and that the tiny young worms hatched 
from them will pass without difhculty through a very small 
opening. Hence, whether troughs or bandages are used, 
care must be taken to fill up all the irregularities of surface 
in the bark of the trees, so that no openings shall be left 
through which they may pass. Cotton batting answers 
well in most cases for this purpose. 
“The second class of remedies consists of various ingeni- 
ous devices, in the way of collars of metal, wood or glass 
fastened around the tree and sloping downwards like an 
inverted funnel. These, although they prevent the moths 
from ascending the tree, offer but little obstacle to the 
progress of the young caterpillars unless the openings be- 
tween the collar and the tree are carefully packed, and hence 
they often fail of entire success. Those belonging to the 
first class are said to be the surest and best, and while it 
must be admitted that it involves much time and labor to 
renew so often and for so long a period the tar or other 
