204 SPAN-WORMS. 
wings, the upper ones crossed by at least twelve fine zigzag 
dark-brown lines, so that it is difficult to say what is really 
the ground color; the hind-wings are crossed by six light 
lines, which become whitish toward the outer edge of the 
wing, as well as more scalloped. Below the wings are 
clearer, with the lines more obsolete, but the discal spots 
large and distinct. With expanded wings this moth meas- 
ures about one inch and a half. It is shown in Fig. 198. 
The caterpillars hatch from eggs which were deposited 
in a cluster on a leaf near the tip of a twig, usually on the 
wild cherry. They form an exception to most other loopers 
by being gregarious. They spin 
asnug nest by fastening together 
the leaves at theend of the twig, 
inside which they live, adding to 
the nest if more space and food 
“2 is required. As the enclosed 
Fig. 198.—Calocalpe undulata » - leaves: die and become brow, 
Linn. 
and as the dark excrement also 
accumulates, such nests become conspicuous and can easily 
be seen and removed with their contents. The caterpillars, 
which are quitesluggish inall their motions, are black above 
with four white stripes, and flesh-colored below. They 
transform in the earth, in which they also pass the winter. 
THE GRAPE-VINE PETROPHORA. 
(Petrophora diversilineata Hub.). 
This pretty yellow moth, also called the ‘“Diverse-lined 
Geometer,”’ is very abundant in Minnesota, flying from late 
in June to early in September; it is often attracted to light 
and enters our houses at night, settling on the walls with 
its abdomen curved over the back (Fig. 199, Plate XIV.) 
It varies in size, measuring with expanded wings from an 
