208 PYRAUSTIDZ2, 
THE GRAPE-VINE LEAF-FOLDER. 
(Desmia maculalis Westw.). 
It is a good thing that this insect prefers the South, and 
is not often met with in Minnesota, although it is found- 
here both upon the wild and cultivated grape-vines. It can 
become a very destructive insect and one that is not readily 
combatted. 
We see frequently the leaves of the grape folded or rolled 
up by means of numerous little cords of silk; if we unfold 
these we find the enclosed leaves skeletonized by a very 
active worm, a little less than an inch long and remarkable 
on account of its violent wriggling motions. In most cases 
the caterpillar wriggles out of the folds and drops either to 
the ground or suspends itself by a silken thread. If the 
worm is full grown it is yellowish-green, a little darker 
above, glossy and semi-transparent, with a few fine yellow 
hairs on each segment. Its head is reddish-yellow; the cer- 
vical-shield has a crescent-shaped patch of the same color; 
on the third segment are two or three black spots on each 
side, and on the twelfth segment is one. The caterpillars 
transform to a reddish-brown pupa, about half an inch long, 
either within the folded leaf or more usually within a much 
smaller fold of the edge of the leaf. In the Southern States 
there are two and even three annual broods, the last one 
hibernating in the leaves. The first moths appear here early 
in June, and deposit their eggs singly on the leaves of the 
vine; the moths of the second brood are found early in 
August. 
The moths, which expand about an inch, are pretty in- 
sects with shining opalescent black wings, lightly fringed 
with white; the fore-wings have two white spots, nearly 
oval in form; the hind-wings but one large white spot in the 
male, which in the female is divided into two. The body is 
black, crossed by two white bands in the female, by one in 
