210 PYRAUSTIDA, 
THE CRANBERRY FRUIT-WORM. 
(Mineola vaccini Ril.). 
This insect is a very injurious one in places where cran- 
‘berries are grown on a large scale for any lenth of time. Its 
caterpillar stands in the same relation to the cranberry as 
the apple-worm to the apple, and the grape-fruit worm to 
the berry. The moth is dull gray; thefore-wings are reddish- 
brown and tawny on their inner portions, and with the pale 
costal parts nearly pure white, which strongly contrasts 
with the dark shades, and fully relieves the basal branch 
of the torked shade on the inner part of the basal line, which 
is usually darker than the posterior branch. Thehind-wings 
are pale gray, without any markings. The eggs, which 
when laid are soft and adapt themselves more or less closely 
to the object to which they are attached, are laid singly, and 
generally on the lower end of the forming fruit, or in the 
scar left by the flowers, or under the four flaps that cover 
the scar, being thus well sheltered and difficult to detect; 
sometimes they are deposited upon the surface of the young 
fruit. Their color is white, with a faint yellowishtinge. As 
soon as the caterpillars hatch they eat their way into the 
heart of the berry, and not satisfied with one they go to the 
neighboring ones, thus ruining from three to four berries 
before they reach their full growth, which takes place when 
the fruit is ripe. The caterpillar now stops the last entrance 
hole with a silken web; the affected berry turns prematurely 
red and finally shrivels and drops. The worm is at first 
pale, but becomes green, with more or less pink, and reaches 
a length of about half an inch. Such caterpillars are found 
of all sizes during autumn, a few even persisting until win- 
ter; most of them leave, however, the ripening berries in 
September or October, and find shelter in the higher ground, 
where they hibernate in an ovoid cocoon of silk, covered 
with grains of earth and sand, The brownish-yellow pupa, 
