“212 PYRAUSTIDA. 
during winter we find tastened to the twigs some crumpled 
and withered leaves. If these are investigated a little closer 
we can detect, well hidden among these leaves, clusters of 
peculiar little cases, which resemble minute horns, open at 
one end, tapering to almost a point at the other, and 
twisted in all sorts of manner. The withered leaves are very 
firmly fastened to these little horns and to the twigs by 
strong silken threads; the horn itself, tightly attached to the 
bark, is constructed of silk interwoven with the dried excre- 
ment and frass of the worm. Its inner surfaceissmooth and 
whitish, its exterior rough and brownish. When we open 
one of these little cases we find in it a small caterpillar, 
which was born late in summer, and had reached about one- 
third of its full size before making and entering the case for 
hibernation. Early in spring, when the buds of the trees 
-commence to expand, these caterpillars also become active 
again, and with an appetite sharpened by the long fast they 
‘leave their cases or homes, usually during the night, and 
draw the still young and minute leaves towards their dwell- 
ing-places, fastening them by means of some threads of silk; 
they can now enjoy a meal upon their very doorsteps, hav- 
‘ing at the same time a safe retreat in case of danger. Here 
-the caterpillar thrives until it has reached its full size, when 
-it measures about six-tenths of aninchin length. Its body, 
which is slightly tapering towards the posterior end, is of 
a dark, dull, greenish-brown color; the head is dark reddish- 
brown; the first segment has a horny plate at the top and a 
flattened blackish prominence on each side, below the plate; 
on each side of the other segments are several small blackish 
dots, from every one of which arises a single brown hair. 
By the early part of June the caterpillar is mature; it now 
shuts itself up in its case and changes to a reddish-brown 
pupa, about four-tenths of an inch long, from which the 
moth escapes about two weeks later. 
This moth has pale brown fore-wings, with patches and 
streaks of silvery-white; the hind-wings are plain brownish- 
