LEAF-FOLDERS. 227 
namon-brown crossed with wavy darker brown lines, and 
with three broad, oblique, dark-brown bands, one of which 
covers the base of the wings and is sometimes indistinct or 
wanting; the second crosses the middle of the wings, and 
the third, which is broad on the front edge and narrow be- 
hind, is near the outer hind margin. The hind-wings are 
ochre-yellow, with the folded part next to the body blackish. 
The moth expands nearly an inch across the wings; it varies 
considerably in color, but the description given will fit the 
majority. 
Besides eating the foliage the caterpillars are also very 
fond of the skin of the young apple, and the spots abraded 
by them soon change to a brown and rusty color, or crack 
open. The injury caused by these worms is sometimes 
greater than is warranted by their size, especially if they 
have selected the terminal branches of a tree for their home; 
in this case the growth of the branch is checked for quite a 
long time. 
Notwithstanding the fact that the leaf-rollers form 
hollow cylinders firmly fastened together with silken threads, 
or other equally snug quarters as a protection against 
birds and other enemies, they are readily found by a number 
of parasites. The Baltimore Oriole, with its pointed beak, 
rarely makes a mistake in finding the worm, and in most 
cases the first attempt to pick up the hidden insect is suc- 
cessful, as shown by the single perforation found in such 
leafy cylinders. 
Hand-picking done early in the season is always a good 
and safe remedy, but can only be done in small orchards 
with low-growing trees. If the insect becomes at all 
numerous we should spray the trees with arsenical poisons. 
