GRAPHOLITHIDS 235 
four-tenths of an inch across. Its fore-wings are of a slate- 
color, or of a pale dull bluish shade, with a slight metallic 
lustre, and ornamented with dark reddish-brown bands and 
spots; the hind-wings are dull brown, deeper in color 
towards the margin; the body is greenish-brown. The last 
generation of larvae remains in their leaf-cases through the 
winter, and emerges earlyin the spring. This, the first brood 
of caterpillars, feeds upon the leaves, tendrils and blossoms 
of the grape, there being not yet any berries to enter. All 
states of this insect are shown in Fig. 219. 
Mr. Marlatt writes in one of the late bulletins of the 
Div. of Entomology that: ‘‘the use of poisons is not practi- 
cable except against the first brood, which develops on the 
green part of the vine, and here the result is doubtful, be- 
cause it is more than likely to breed on a great variety of 
foliage and spraying would not afford much protection. 
Bagging the grapes as soon as the fruit sets will undoubt- 
edly protect them from this insect, and at the same time from 
Black Rot.. Of greater practical value, especially in larger 
vineyards, is the prompt collection and burning of all fallen 
leaves in autumn, thus destroying the hibernating larve and 
pup, and also the collection and destruction of diseased 
fruit wherever feasible. Early gathering and shipping or 
disposal of fruit otherwise is a particularly valuable step, as 
it insures the removal of the larva in the grapes from the 
vineyard if not their destruction in wine making. All fallen 
fruit should also be gathered and destroyed.” 
THE APPLE BUD-WORM. 
(Exartema malana Fern.). 
This insect has been quite injurious in northen Illinois, 
where the young caterpillar after devouring the bud, fastens 
the leaf-stalk of one of the leaves growing near the tip to 
the side of the branch, and thus forms a sort of tunnel 
