GRAPHOLITHIDS. 243 
They pass through the pupal state in about two weeks, and 
the moths issuing about this time deposit eggs for the second 
brood. The worms developing from these are found in the 
fall and early winter. Upon leaving the apple these larvze 
form their cocoons in the cracks of barrels and bins, or near 
places where the apples are stored. 
The most successful method yet found of destroying 
these insects consists in spraying the trees with a poisonous 
solution shortly after the fall of the apple blossoms; its suc- 
cess depends upon the poison being retained within thecalyx 
of the apple until the time of hatching of the larvae, and upon 
these obtaining for their first food some of the poison thus. 
retained. For this spraying London-purple is in some 
respects the most satisfactory material and should be used 
at the rate of one and one-half pounds to one hundred gal- 
lons of water; it becomes more efficient if a small portion of 
soap or flour has been mixed with it. The powder should 
be first made into a batter, after which it may bemixed with 
the full quantity of water required. The spraying should be 
done with a force-pump and a nozzle which will give a fine 
mist that will settle upon all parts of the tree, and should be 
continued until the leaves begin to drip. Of the nozzles 
manufactured for this purpose there are several efficient 
forms, which may besecured from manufacturers or through 
hardware dealers. This spraying should be repeated within 
a few days if there has been a shower of rain and it is con- 
sidered wise to spray a second time eight or ten days later 
even if there have been no showers. 
It has been determined by careful experiment that nearly 
seventy per cent. of the fruit that would otherwise be infest- 
ed can be kept free of the worms by the use of this method; 
and considering its cheapness and the ease with which it can 
be applied even in large orchardsit is worthy of general adop- 
tion. 
Prof. Saunders in ‘Insects Injurious to Fruits,’’ a book 
that should be in the hands of every itruit-grower, writes: 
