244 GRAPHOLITHIDS. 
“‘This is one of the most troublesome insects with which 
fruit-growers have to contend, and although of foreign 
origin, having been imported from Europe about the begin- 
ning of the present century, it is now found in almost all 
parts of North America, entailing an immense yearly loss 
upon apple-growers. 
‘The early brood of moths appear on the wing about 
the time of the opening of the apple blossoms, when the 
female deposits her tiny yellow eggs singly in the calyx or 
eye, just as the young apple is forming; in a few instances 
they have been observed in the hollow at the stalk end, and 
occasionally on the smooth surface of the cheek of the apple. 
In about a week the egg hatches, and the tiny worm at once 
begins to cut through the apple tothecore. Usually itscast- 
ings are pushed out through the hole by which it hasentered, 
the passage being enlarged from time to time for this pur- 
pose. Some of the castings commonly adhere to the appie, 
hence before the worm is full grown infested fruit may gener- 
ally be detected by the mass of reddish-brown exuvie pro- 
truding from theeye. Sometimes as the larva approaches 
maturity it eats a passage through the apple at the side, as 
shown in the figure, and out of this opening thrusts its cast- 
ings, and through it the larve when full grown escape. 
The head and upper portion of the first segment of the young 
larva are usually black, but as it approaches maturity 
these change to a brown color. The body is of a flesh-color, 
or pinkish tint, more highly colored on the back; it is also 
sprinkled with minute, elevated points, from each of which 
arises a single fine hair. 
“In three or four weeks from the time of hatching the 
early brood of larve attain full growth, when the occupied 
apples generally fall prematurely to the ground, sometimes 
with the worm in them, but more commonly alter it has 
escaped. The larvee, which leave the apples while still on 
the trees, either crawl down the branches to the trunk of 
the tree, or let themselves down to the ground by a fine 
