GRAPHOLITHIDS. 247 
enclosures the larvee hide and transform. The bands should 
be applied not later than the 1st of June, and visited every 
eight or ten days until the last of August, each time taken 
off and examined, and all the worms and chrysalids found 
under them destroyed; they should also be visited once after 
the crop is secured. Some persons prefer to use narrower 
bands, not more than four inches wide, and fasten them 
with a tack, while others secure them in their place by 
merely tucking the end under. Usually thecocoons under the 
bandages are partly attached to the tree and partly to the 
bandage, so that when the latter is removed the cocoon is 
torn asunder, when it often happens that the larva or chry- 
salis will fall to the ground, and if it escape notice may there 
complete its transformations. Wide mouthed bottles partly 
filled with sweetened water, and hung in the trees, have been 
recommended as traps for the codling moth, but there is no 
evidence that any appreciable benefit has ever been derived 
from their use. A large number of moths can be captured in 
this manner, but it is rare to find a codling moth among 
them. Neither is the plan of lighting fires in the orchard of 
much avail, since codling moths are rarely attracted by 
light. Spraying the trees soon after the fruit has set, and 
while it is still in an upright position, with a mixture of 
Paris-green and water in the proportion of a teaspoonful to 
a pailful of water, will deter the moths from placing their 
eggs on the apples, and thus protect much of the fruit from 
injury. 
“The fallen fruit shoyld be promptly gathered and 
destroyed. It has been recommended that hogs be kept in 
the orchard for the purpose of devouring such fruit, and 
where they can be so kept without injury to the trees or 
other crops they will no doubt prove useful. 
“This insect, while in the larval state, is so protected 
within the apple that it enjoys great immunity from insect 
enemies. Nevertheless it 1s occasionally reached by the ever 
watchful Ichneumons, two species of which are known to 
