256 TINEIDS. 
through a small circular hole at one end, and folds the edge 
of the leaf over itself by means of silken threads and forms 
in this shelter a delicate silken cocoon. Here it changes toa 
pupa and hibernates. The pupa is brownish-yellow. 
The moth is dark steel-gray, almost brown. The 
thorax and fore-wings are steel-gray, the latter with about — 
nine faint, whitish, costal streaks, the first near the base 
and the last at the apex; all are faintly dark margined in- 
ternally; the last three or four are nearly perpendicular to 
the costal margin, crossing the wing and uniting near the 
dorsal margin, where they are narrow and indistinct. There 
is also a small black apical spot, behind which are three 
dark hinder marginal lines in the fringes; a second one 
is at the middle, and a third at the apex and the first at the 
base of the fringes. The one at the base of the fringes be- 
comes furcate in the dorsal fringes. The wings expand about 
one-third of an inch. All the states of this insect are 
shown in Fig. 230. 
THE APPLE TREE CASE-BEARER. 
(Coleophora malivorella Ril.). 
These interesting insects are found from time to time in 
large numbers on the twigs of apple trees. They make curi- 
ous pistol-shaped cases, which on examination will reveal 
the little architect inside; it is a minute larva of a pale-yel- 
low color, with a faint rosy tint, a black head, and a few 
short hairs on its body. The cases, which the caterpillars 
carry always with them, are very tough, almost horn-like, 
and form a very safe protecting shelter. When at rest the 
caterpillars hoist these cases in the air, as shown in the 
illustration, Fig.231,a. Similar cases are quite common on 
the white-oak. As soon as the buds of the apple-trees com- 
mence to swell these cases are found sticking to their out- 
side, while the active little caterpillar is busily engaged in 
