TINEIDS. 259 
cylindrical form, with a very long head, which is wedge- 
shaped, quite pointed and bilobed. The peculiar shape of 
this larva is shown in the illustration, Fig. 232. It pupates 
in one end of the mine in a loose silken covering. 
The moth has golden-brown fore-wings with white 
streaks and spots. The face and lower side of antennz are 
silvery white. There is a black apical spot. It expands 
from three to five-sixteenths of an inch. 
THE PEAR AND APPLE-TREE LEAF-MINER. 
(Lithocolletis geminatella Pack.). 
Among the numerous insects that mine the leaves of our 
apple this insect becomes sometimes quite numerous, and 
the blotched and disfigured foliage plainly indicates its pres- 
ence. The worm is a very small: being, of a pale reddish 
color, with a black head and cervical-shield. As a general 
rule it draws two leaves together, and unites them by means 
of strong silken fibres; at other times it folds up a single 
Fig. 233.—Lithocolletis geminatella Pack. After Saunders. 
leaf. During August the larva changes to a very long and 
slender pupa within the mine, and soon afterwards the per- 
fect insect appears, which deposits the eggs for another 
brood, which winters in the larval or pupal state inside the 
leaves. They can be materially reduced in numbers by 
gathering all the fallen leaves and by burning them. (Fig. 
233). 
The moth expands about one-third of an inch across the 
wings. The fore-wings are dark-gray, with a round black- 
