TINEIDS. 265 
arrives in which it has to transform to a pupa, it constructs 
from parts of the lealy blotch a neat little case, and craw- 
ling with it to a twig it fastens the case securely to it. It 
now contracts inside this shelter and finally transforms to a 
pupa. The different states of this little beauty are shown in 
Fig. 237. 
There are two annual broods, the latter hibernating in 
the little houses just mentioned. 
Though so very small the insect can increase very rapid- 
ly in numbers and become injurious to our apple trees. If 
this happens the cocoons, which can readily be detected, 
should be removed or should be soaked with an alkaline 
wash or a mixture of sulphur and lime. This mixture, 
which is also good for various other insects, is made by mix- 
ing five pounds of fresh lime with one pound of sulphur and 
two gallons of water, and heating until the sulphur is dis- 
solved. 
THE BLACKBERRY LEAF-MINER. 
(Nepticula rubifoliella Zell.). 
Th's isa minute species the adult of which is described as 
follows: Head dark luteous. Palpi somewhat paler lute- 
ous. Antenne luteous, basal joint silvery white. Fore- 
wings blackish-brown, with a rather narrow, curved, silvery 
band about the middle of the wing. The band is concave 
toward the base of the wing and shows a tendency to be in- 
terrupted in the middle. Fringes whitish. Hind-wings 
grayish, fringes the same. 
Of the larva Dr. Clemens makes the following statement: 
“The larva mines the leaf of the blackberry in September. 
It makes a blotch mine on the upper surface of the leaf, be- 
ginning as a slender gallery, extending quite a distance, 
usually along a vein of a leaf before being enlarged into a 
blotch. The body of the larva tapers posteriorly, the ter- 
