104 



always been the favourite food of primitive man, having been found with 

 flint knives, fire-marked stones, and charcoal, in many instances, if 

 not conclusive as to their intimate connection with, and relation to each 

 other, are surely sufficient evidences of the co-existence of man at the 

 same period with them. 



There is a peculiar aspect about the small group of shells enumerated 

 which may be worthy of more attentive consideration. With the excep- 

 tion of Zonites excavatus, which hitherto has been found in Great Britain 

 only, they are extensively distributed over Europe, indicating, from the 

 wide distance apart of the extreme points at which they have been found, 

 great indifference to, or capability of endimng considerable difference of 

 climate ; with one exception again, that of Helix umbilicatus, (whose 

 habit of affecting the highest points of the rocks upon which it is found 

 has before been mentioned, and whose absence may therefore be readily 

 accounted for in flat or low-lying localities,) all have been found fossU in 

 the Pleistocene freshwater deposits at Grays, Copford, Clacton, &c., and in 

 others equally well known of similar age. These facts will be better 

 understood by inspecting a list which will exhibit at a glance, their 

 relations to the views at which we arrive from their study. 



Living in the 

 District. 



Zonites alUarius . . . 



,, excavatus ... 



,, cnjstallinus 



Helix nemoralis . . . 



,, rotundata ... 



,, umhilicata ... 



Living in distant 

 Coimtries. 



Fossil in Pleistocene Freshwater 

 Deposits elsewhere in Britain. 



Dalmatia ... 

 Britain only . 



Sweden, Spain. 



Pupa iimbilicata ... 

 Clausilia laminata 

 Zua lulrica 



Succinea 



Limnceus truncatulus 



Cyelostoma elegans 

 Ca/rychium minimum 



Acme fiisca 



Piiidium picsillum 



Charing 



Stutton 

 f Clacton, Copford, 

 ( Maidstone 



... Sweden, Dalmatia . . | ^*^**°°' S''!^!^^ ' 

 ( Copiord, Maidstone 



... Sweden, Sicily .../ Clacton, Copford, 

 ,, ( Grays 



( Sicily, N, America ( Cropthom, Stutton, 



"' \ Canaries (Clapton 



... Dalmatia Clacton Copford, 



... Sweden, SicUy Clacton, Copford 



... Sweden, Sicily Grays, Copford 



I Sweden, France, and ) Croi^thom, Clacton, 

 ^ . J Copford, Stutton, 



( Cropthorn, Clacton, 



( Germany 

 Sweden, Greece 



Dalmatia 



Sweden, Germany 



Spain 



Sweden, France 



< Copford, Grays, 

 ( Stutton 



Maidstone, Gedgrave 



Grays, Clacton 



Stiitton, Maidstone 



Grays, &c. 



