^ APPLE. 



remains of the first coat being found moulted off, and heaped up in the 

 burrows, in several specimens of the fruit gathered from the trees. 



Mr. Coleman found two and even three caterpillars in one fruit ; 

 also that even before they left the fruit, for their change to the chry- 

 salis state, they were })y no means necessarily stayers at home. On July 

 1st, " the morning being damp and showery," Mr. Coleman found "the 

 grub in all positions, both black and pale heads and tails ; some 

 hanging half out of the fruits ; some apparently taking their departure 

 on the foot-stalk of the leaves near to a fruit ; and two days after, a fall- 

 sized specimen (half an inch long) was taken from a perfect fruit, into 

 the side of which it had not, when extracted, eaten its full length." 



I had the opportunity myself of seeing the operation of the cater- 

 pillars, after leaving the Apples, burying themselves in the earth, which 

 is a serviceable part of the history relatively to means of prevention. 

 In the instances I watched, this took place about the middle of July 

 or rather earlier, and the peculiar bug-like smell, which these caterpillars 

 have the power of emitting, was very observable when a specimen of 

 the caterpillar was handled in being placed on the earth. 



The injured Apples were not as regularly tunnelled as in the case 

 of injury from the Codlin Moth caterpillars. There were tunnels, but 

 also, as in the example figured at heading, a good deal of the inside of 

 the little Apple might be eaten away, thus causing a rough blackened 

 cavity with decaying surface. As a matter of course, when so greatly 

 injured, the growth of the Apple is checked and it drops, and attention 

 is drawn to where attack is present by the quantity of little fallen 

 Apples beneath the tree. 



In a communication which Mr. F. R. Murray, of Walton House, 

 Walton, near Ipswich, also sent me (on the 8tli of July) regarding the 

 same kind of caterpillars, he likewise noticed the habit of the grubs of 

 straying about. He remarked, "The grub seems sometimes to leave 

 the Apple it was hatched in and then crawl to the next, touching it ; 

 and so the same grub seems to spoil many." It was also observed, as 

 with the grubs previously mentioned, that the smell was " dreadful," 

 and in the part of the garden where the attack took place the quantity 

 of fruit destroyed was very great. 



The observations taken in the past season agree so well with those 

 of Prof. Westwood, so far as they refer to the same parts of the life- 

 history of the grub, it seems to me, although we have not yet 

 reared the Sawfly, that it is hardly open to doubt that the infestation 

 is that scientifically described, formerly, as of the Tenthredo testudinea, 

 now of the Hoplocawpa testudinea, King. 



The method of attack, as given from his own observations by Prof. 

 Westwood, is, that in May he saw the female Sawflies on the wing 

 amongst the Apple blossoms within which they settled, and on one 



