supposed, only not generally recognised owing to there being many 

 points of resemblance between this attack and that of the caterpillars 

 of the Codlin Moth. 



Apple Sawfly attack has long been known to be present in this 

 country. So far back as 1847 this infestation was described, from his 

 own observations, by Prof. J. 0. Westwood ; but it was not until the 

 past summer that I had an opportunity of observing the method of 

 attack myself, and with the assistance of Mr. W. Coleman, of Craufield, 

 Beds, making out some points in the history of the caterpillar which 

 (so far as I am aware) have not been previously noticed. 



On June 24th, Mr. Coleman sent me specimens of injured Apples, 

 with the remark: — "The young fruit of the Apple is being again 

 subjected to wholesale destruction in my orchards, by a grub which 

 pierces the young fruit when about the size of a small bean up to a 

 cob-nut. I have not seen any larger affected ; when they get beyond 

 this cob-nut size they appear to be safe from attack." 



The little Apples forwarded to me were injured in a manner that 

 might have been caused by Codlin Moth caterpillars, but no cater- 

 pillars of any kind were then present in them, and Mr. Coleman 

 mentioned that those he had found differed from those of the Codlin 

 Moth in various points specified. 



On June 29th, according to my request, Mr. Coleman forwarded 

 me some caterpillars for examination, with the remark that the attack 

 had extended all over the orchard, and seemed likely to clear most of 

 the fruit. On taking these grubs out of the quill in which they were 

 sent, I noticed a smell just like that of a plant bug, or common bed 

 bug, which at once suggested a species of Sawfly caterpillar was 

 present, and on examination I found that, besides three pairs of claw 

 feet, and likewise a pair of sucker feet beneath the tail, they possessed 

 six pairs of sucker feet beneath the body. Consequently they were 

 quite certainly not Codlin Moth, but Sawfly caterpillars, and of these 

 the largest specimens agreed with the description of the caterpillars of 

 the Apple Sawfly (the Tenthredo testudmed of various writers) given by 

 Prof. J. 0. Westwood. 



Presently, that is, on July 11th, when I had had the opportunity 

 of examining caterpillars of various ages, I found that those in the 

 earliest stages of which I had specimens differed from the larger ones 

 in having shining pitchy or black heads, and the markings above the 

 tail being also pitchy or black ; and as, in case this change of colour 

 in moulting has not previously been recorded, it is of a good deal of 

 practical importance, I give my own notes just from the specimens 

 sent, followed by Mr. Coleman's careful reports, up to absolute obser- 

 vations of the moult of the black-marked head and tail, and a]ipearance 

 from within of the caterpillar as usually previously noticed. 



