60 



MANGOLDS. 



destructive in various localities, aud especially in Westmoreland and 

 Cumberland, " where of 1624 acres of Mangolds grown in those 

 counties, it was reported that all were infested." 



AnTHOMYIA BET/i;. 



A. betce (female), mag. ; line showing spread of wings, nat. size; pupa, nat. size 

 and magnified. Eggs (after Farsky), mag. 



In the past season it was ^reported in the more southerly and 

 westerly parts of England. The worst attack was in Devonshire, 

 where the infestation was severe and widespread in the northern 

 districts; it was also reported from near Camelford in the north of 

 Cornwall, and from various localities, either single farms or districts, 

 respectively in Warwickshire, Oxon, Notts, Northamptonshire ; from 

 Knebworth, Herts ; Royston on the border of Cambridgeshire and 

 Herts ; Hawkhurst on the border of Kent and Sussex ; and likewise 

 in Hants, and also at Treffgarne, in Pembrokeshire, and from farms 

 near Abergele, in Denbighshire. The first specimens were sent about 

 the 22nd of June, and enquiry continued at intervals from that time 

 up to the beginning of September, thus including observation of the 

 whole summer's attack, from the first outbreak, more or less ruinous, 

 on the young plants, to the commonly less hurtful blisteriugs in the 

 autumn leafage. 



No new points have been brought forward in the history of the 

 attack itself, which is well known, but for practical purposes it cannot 

 be too well known and clearly laid down that the great characteristic 

 of this attack is the leafage being first marked with blisters where the 

 maggots feednig within have separated the upper from the under side 

 of the leaf; and afterwards, when the attack has gone on for a while, 

 these portions turning, as they die, to a brown colour. Thus, where 

 attack has been going on badly for a time, a great part of the leafage 

 may very likely look brown and scorched. 



Where the attack is not recognised, the injured leafage is very 

 likely to be at first considered merely '• scalded," and thus valuable 



