94 IJASPBERRY. 



observed and recorded last year by the well-known entomologist, Dr. 

 T. A. Chapman, of Hereford. 



Observations were given, very many years ago, on (I believe) the 

 authority of Bjerkander, that the moths laid their eggs on the 

 Raspberry-stems, and they were stated to feed on the foliage. In 

 Stainton's * Tineina ' (p. 39), the author just shortly states, "The 

 larva feeds under the fruit when young, hybernates without feeding, 

 and in the spring bores down the stems of the young shoots." But 

 the following extracts from Dr. Chapman's published account of his 

 own observations, appear to me conclusive as to the method and place 

 of egglaying of the moth. 



Dr. Chapman wrote* : — "The egg of L. ruUella is laid when the 

 Raspberry is in flower ; I have twice seen the process take place, and 

 on one occasion besides saw it fail. The moth selects a fully open 

 flower," and here Dr. Chapman gives a minutely detailed account of 

 the operation of egglaying, culminating in the egg being inserted in 

 the " receptacle " of the flower, so as to lie about its own width beneath 

 the surface. In the case of failure mentioned above, the moth had 

 attempted to lay on a not fully opened flower. 



Further, quoting Dr. Chapman's words : — " When the Raspberry 

 is ripe, and is removed by human or other agency, the larva of ruhiella 

 is in the fleshy white receptacle,! but is ready to quit it, and does so 

 immediately. In one such receptacle were two larvae. So far as I 

 could see, their presence does not interfere with the due development 

 and ripening of the truit." 



From further observations. Dr. Chapman found that the larva 

 spins itself a little round, flat, white, silk cocoon not much more than 

 the twelfth of an inch in diameter, and that on its leaving the " recep- 

 tacle " (which he notes may be in the way mentioned above, or by 

 boring a way out at the base by the footstalk) that it no doubt goes 

 down to the stool of the plant, and passes the winter in such a cocoon 

 as he describes, from which it emerges in the spring. 



Prevention and Remedies. — One of the most effectual methods of 

 checking recurrence of attack must certainly be that mentioned above, 

 of breaking off the infested buds, or little shoots, and destroying them. 

 At the visit of the Evesham Fruit Experimental Committee to the 

 Toddington Fruit Grounds, on the 12th of May, a large basket was 

 shown filled with Raspberry shoots infested by the caterpillar of 

 Lampronia ruhiella, as a sample of several other basketfuls which had 



* See paper in number of 'The Entomologist's Magazine' for June, 1891, 

 p. 109, entitled " The oviposition and autumnal larva of Lampronia rubiella.^^ 



t For figure of " receptacle " of Raspberry fruit, with the berry removed, see 

 sketch of Raspberry at p. 85. 



