124 TURNIP. 



back Moth, Ed.), "and some Turnip leaves. The crop from which 

 they were taken has been very much damaged, and I shall be glad to 

 know of any remedy or prevention." 



Eeplies to inquiries in circular (see p. 110), August 13th : — 



(1). " Three statute acres have been rendered quite useless. 



(3). " The leaves up till about ten days ago had been eaten quite 

 bare, but after the heavy rain showers of last week they grew again. 



(4). " The land is strong black land, with a subsoil of white ore ; 

 it was ploughed in the autumn to a depth of about 9 in. ; the field had 

 a light dressing of ordinary farmyard manure, and one acre had 

 2^ cwt. of dissolved bones. The weather was wet in November, but 

 subsequently very dry. 



(7). " A great number of Sea Gulls have frequented the field, and 

 also a few Grey Plovers. 



" I have noticed, on the east coast of Yorkshire, that Turnips seem 

 to be similarly affected to a considerable extent." 



Oct. 6th. " The field about which I wrote to you in August has, I 

 am glad to say, worked out fairly satisfactorily, though there are 

 patches in it where the crop has been quite destroyed. I attribute its 

 improvement to the heavy rains we had in August, which destroyed 

 the caterpillars." — T. F. 



DuKHAM. — Parkhouls, Castle Eden, July 24th. From Mr. Kow- 

 land Burden, with specimens of Diamond-back Moths and caterpillars 

 accompanying. — "I am sending to you to-day a box containing (1), 

 Swede-turnip leaves covered with green caterpillar ; (2), smaller box 

 containing four specimens of a moth. I have a field of Swede-turnips 

 close to the sea — some 12 acres — almost every leaf of which is covered 

 with these caterpillars, and in the same state as the enclosed speci- 

 mens ; and, as there are quantities of these small moths flying about, 

 I fancy they are the source of the mischief. The attack only 

 commenced a week ago. We had dry weather till St. S within, and 

 every day till yesterday since then has been wet, more or less. The 

 Swedes would be meeting in the rows in a fortnight, but now look as 

 if the whole field would be spoilt. . . . Another field about half a 

 mile off is looking very well. The caterpillars are almost invariably 

 on the low side of the leaf ; so that a Strawsonizer, even if I had one, 

 would hardly reach them." 



On Oct. 6th, Mr. Burdon further wrote me regarding the then 

 state of the attacked crops : — " As to the attack on my own fields, my 

 bailiff applied soot, pure and simple, and I was very much assisted by 

 quantities of small birds, chiefly Starlings and Finches. I could not 

 at this moment tell that the fields had ever been attacked. The 

 Swedes are distinctly a good crop ; if anything the 12 acres that 



