14f) INSKtTS ATTACKING WEIRDS IN MINNESOTA. 



tlie larL',fr and closer together. The \v\u'j; coxers are dark l)r(i\vn 

 and are co\ered with numerous ccMispicuous wliite spots, two of 

 wliich are lar^e and situated above the middle of the elytra. On 

 the under side, most of the head and thorax is white, while the 

 abdomen is crossed with white transverse l)ands. 



Pupa. — Whitish ; thorax with two small, longitudinal black 

 lines near the middle and two larger horizontal lines on the lateral 

 margins; abdomen crossed with black lines and with two curved 

 lines on the up])er lateral corners ; four spines on each side of caudal 

 fork; tips of caudal fork and spines black; ^ entral edge of thorax 

 margined with l)lack. 



Larva. — Length, 13-10 mm.; width cjf head end. 5 mm.; leni.ith 

 of caudal fork, al)out 4 mm., elongate; head end broad and rounded, 

 tapering" to caudal tork. IVothorax, mid-dorsum and parts of abdo- 

 men light yellow; rest oi body brownish or black. The thorax is 

 provided with four yellowish s])ines on each side, the tips and proxi- 

 mal portions of wdiich are dark, while the anterior spines are smaller 

 and almost \\hollv dark; abdomen with six small black s]Mnes on 

 each side; head brownish; labrum and distal i^ortions of legs black. 



Egg. — y.'^'^ mass circular or elliptical and O mm. in diameter. 

 Each egg 1.6 x 1 mm. When first deposited the egg mass is green- 

 ish-white, ])Ut later turns brownish. 



Oviposition. — The female first c<irefull}- examines the underside 

 of the lea\es for about 5 minutes and \vhen the right spt)t has l)een 

 found, she does not change her position until all of the eggs are 

 laid. The tip of the abdomen is then mo\e(l back and forth over a 

 circular area, (le])ositing a sticky substance. After this operation, 

 the eggs are laid ni)on the stick}' material, during whicli the abdo- 

 men is mo\ed at uniform rate back and forth. Each egg is glued 

 on and (le])osited separatelv as follows: A bit of sticky material is 

 placed at one end of the circular area, and a thread is spun fortli 

 as the abdomen mo\es to the o])posite side. I^ach egg is therefore 

 held in ])lace by a sticky thread attached to each end of it. After 

 the surface has been coxered with eggs, another layer is begun on 

 top of the first and completed in like manner until a convex mass 

 is formed, when the full number, about v^O or 40, have been laid. 

 Threads are sjjun oxer them in both directions and then hea\il_\' 

 glued tner, es])ecially near the edges. ( )\'iposition may last ()0 or 

 70 minutes. L'i)on hatching, the young lar\ae increase to about 

 1.7 mm. l<ing, are light \ello\vish, while the bead, thoracic shield, 

 legs, and anal fork are black. 



