18 MODERN PRACTICAL ANGLER. 
the “spinning,” not one in a hundred of those that have 
come under my notice has been in the least calculated 
to make a bait spin properly. 
In order to ascertain the best combination of hooks, 
&c. for this purpose, I carefully experimented upon 
every part of the spinning flight and trace; including 
the number, shape, size, and arrangement of the hooks, 
leads, and swivels, with the various materials out of 
which a trace can be composed, in every case carefully 
testing theory by practice, and sparing no pains or 
trouble to obtain reliable results. The several arrange- 
ments of spinning flights which these experiments 
proved to be most suitable to the different varieties 
of baits and fish are given in the chapters devoted 
to each. Some of the flights have already been de- 
scribed in my former works and are now very generally 
used. 
KINKING. 
If the large proportion of fish lost was one great 
drawback to the popularity of spinning, “kinking,” or 
the twisting up of the line into knots and loops, was cer- 
tainly a still greater one. Trollers generally imagined 
that kinking was the fault of the running line, or its 
dressing; and all their attention was accordingly 
concentrated on these points, which, however im- 
portant in other respects, had seldom anything to do 
with the real question. The vice lay not in the “xe 
