230 MODERN PRACTICAL ANGLER. 
abbreviated—“ cad-bait”) is the larva of the phryganea, 
of which there are many species, furnishing several of the 
insects most popular for imitation by the artificial fly. 
In the larval state it is found in the banks of most 
streams amongst gravel, decayed reed-roots, and other 
aquatic débris. It is enveloped in a shell or case, gene- 
rally cylindrical, resembling commonly a piece of dead 
stick or rush, and from this it is of course necessary to 
disencumber it before use. 
GROUND BAITS. AND ; BAITING: 
In every description of bottom fishing ground bait, or 
a substitute for it, can be used with advantage. Anglers, 
however, often make a great mistake in ground baiting, by 
so surfeiting the fish with food that they have no need or 
appetite to attack the hook-bait, which, in comparison, 
must always present a more or less unnatural appear- 
ance. On this account also it is generally better in 
rivers to fish a little below rather than actually over or 
above the ground bait, because by so doing there is a 
greater chance of the unsatiated fish which are working 
up stream towards the ground bait, coming first into 
contact with the bait on the hook. 
As a general rule, to which, however, there are several 
exceptions, it may be stated as the rationale of 
ground baiting, that the bait used on the ground should 
be of the same description as, but inferior in quality to, 
that used on the hook. 
