74 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL 



by the presence of large artificial reservoirs sometimes at a considerable 

 distance from the pueblo and sometimes, as is shown in one of the illustra- 

 tions, directly within one of the courtyards of the village. 



Still another feature of interest connected with each one of the pueblos 

 is the presence of numerous petroglyphs or pictures chiseled on the nearby 

 rocks. Some of the figures are purely geometric, others are convention- 

 alized representations having no doubt a symbolic meaning and still others 

 are unusually excellent delineations of the plant and animal life of the region. 

 In a few instances scenes from the life of the people such as hunting and 

 other pursuits have been depicted. 



The excavation of the Galisteo pueblos occupied fully three months. 

 Ten to fifteen laborers were constantly employed. No one of the ruined 

 villages was completely bared, but enough excavation was done at each place 

 to obtain a clear idea of the relative antiquity of the sites and their cultural 

 relationships. Besides opening numerous scattered rooms, three entire 

 buildings were cleared, the largest one, containing seventy-two rooms, 

 being at San Cristobal. Four of the seven ruins were found to be of pre- 

 historic date, that is, they contained no evidence whatever of contact with 

 European civilization. 



The buildings range from about fifty to seven hundred feet in length and 

 from thirty to forty-five feet in width. The walls, built usually of sand- 

 stone slabs and in a few instances of adobe blocks laid in mortar, still stand 

 to a height of from two to nine feet, although as previously stated, they 

 no doubt rose to a height of two and three stories, that is, about twenty feet. 

 In some buildings the two or more stories iose on the terraced plan observ- 

 able in several of the modern pueblos. The walls were plastered with mud 

 and sometimes whitewashed. The floors were flagged with stone or were 

 made of tamped clay, possibly mixed with blood, and showing often a very 

 smooth and semi-polished surface. The ceiling, barely five and one-half 

 feet above the floor level, was supported by heavy crossbeams overlaid 

 by light timbers, brushwood and grass, on which was placed a layer of 

 tamped clay to serve as floor for the story above. The rooms, usually 

 rectangular or nearly so, averaged about seven by twelve feet in size, the 

 larger dimension corresponding always to the long axis of the building, so 

 that all the buildings of normal dimensions were from four to six rooms wide. 

 From this fact it will readily be seen that whenever a building was of more 

 than one story height, it contained a large number of interior and therefore 

 dark rooms. These latter compartments were entered from the lighted 

 exterior rooms by means of small rectangular doorways in the partition wall, 

 usually a foot or two above the floor. The outer rooms themselves were 

 presumably entered through an opening in the ceiling, as no doors were found 

 in the walls leading directly to the courtyard. The arrangement of the 

 different parts of the pueblo, as well as the regularity observed in the archi- 



