
By William Gowland, F.S.A., FIC. 19 
demarkation between them. The base of the monolith at its 
lowest point, 8 feet 3 inches below the datum line, was found to 
be resting on a ledge of chalk rock, the exact breadth of which 
could not be determined, as the rock at its edge passed imperceptibly 
into very hard chalk rubble. It did not, however, probably extend 
further than 1 foot 6 inches beyond the front of the stone, that 
being the breadth of the rock exposed in Layer 14, Division HR. 
An important feature of this excavation was the very small 
quantity of chippings of the stones which occurred in it as com- 
pared with the excavations I., II., and IIL, at the back of the 
monolith. The chippings, too, were chiefly found in the south-east 
half. They comprised all the rocks, and pieces of broken sarsen 
hammerstones were unusually abundant. 
The “bluestone” monolith, No. 68, was exposed down to its 
base, which was reached in layer 13 at a depth of 6 feet 3 inches 
below the datum line. Immediately beneath its lowest point a 
rudely trimmed sarsen hammerstone was found. 
In Layer 14, Division AM, an important find was made, viz., a 
flat rectangular piece of sarsen, measuring about 7 inches by 6 inches 
by 24 inches, with one of its surfaces tooled as Fig. 13, and having 
on the other a very small thin stain of copper carbonate. 
In Layer 5 the end of a very large block of sarsen projecting 
from beneath the recumbent stone, 55a, was laid bare (Figs. 2 and 
8.) The purpose for which this block originally served has already 
been pointed out. 
Of the other objects found the following are the chief :— 
Four axes. Flint. 
One axe. Compact sarsen. 
Three hammerstones with edge. Flint. 
One hammerstone. Sarsen. 
One hammerstone. Diabase. 
From the nature of the section of the ground revealed by this 
excavation, and by Excavations I., II., and III., on the opposite 
side of the base of the stone, we are led to the irresistible conclusion, 
the importance of which will be evident later, that this monolith 
was originally set up by raising it from the interior of the circle. 
G 2 
