32 Recent Excavations at Stonehenge. 
more heavy blows were struck, the material detached was then 
brushed away, the blows were repeated, but near the edge of the 
cavity, the material again removed, and this was continued until 
the groove was completed. 
The rib between each groove was broken away by side or vertical 
blows of the same implement. 
Here I would point out that very few small chips of sarsen were 
found, although larger pieces were common. This is just what we 
would expect from this mode of dressing, as the material broken 
away would be either in a more or less pulverulent form or in 
pieces of considerable size. 
On some of the stones, notably on Nos. 59, 54, and 52, transverse, 
but much narrower and shallower, grooves are seen which were 
made with the same mauls for facilitating the removal of the 
longitudinal ribs and the cutting down of the surface. 
The sarsen uprights of the outer circle have each two tenons, 
and those of the horseshoe a single tenon, projecting from their 
upper extremities, which fit into corresponding mortices on the 
lintels and imposts. They were evidently troublesome to make, 
as with the exception of those on Nos. 60 and 56, they are generally 
of more or less irregular shapes and rude workmanship. In the 
case of the recently fallen upright, No. 22, they are merely low 
shapeless bosses of only about an inch or so in height; but even 
the best hewn could have been fashioned without difficulty, by the 
patient use of the quartzite hammerstones. 
The hollowing out of the mortices on the lintels and imposts 
was avery easy matter. It was, I think, effected with water and 
sand by the very efficient process of turning round a stone of less 
size than the cavity until the required depth was attained, a method 
practised in Japan in the manufacture of stone mortars. 
I am informed by Professor Flinders Petrie that precisely the 
same process was employed in Egypt in the much more difficult 
operation of making the exquisitely executed bowls of diorite and 
other hard stones so well known to Egyptologists. In his excavation 
at Abydos he had the good fortune to discover the site of an actual 
workshop where these vessels were made and in which there were 

