56 Recent Excavations at Stonehenge. 
Most of these rock-fragments are perfectly angular, and would 
appear to have been struck off from the monoliths during shaping 
and dressing, or from the stone tools used in the work. 
Only the hardest and most durable of the rocks among the 
fragments (diabase and rhyolite, etc.) are found to be represented 
among the existing stones in the “ bluestone ” circles of Stonehenge. 
The basic tuffs, the greywackés, the flagstones, and the slates, are 
all rocks which, as we have seen, are softer, more easily broken, 
and at the same time more susceptible to the action resulting from 
atmospheric changes than the diabases and rhyolites (hornstones). 
As we have already pointed out, rocks of a fissile character when 
set on end would be quite unable through a long series of years to 
withstand the constant alternation of rains and frost. 
The two “bluestone” circles of Stonehenge probably contained 
originally thirty and fifteen upright stones respectively, of which 
only nineteen of the former and eleven of the latter remain. 
possibly imposts existed originally for each pair of bluestones, like 
the stone 150, the only one of the kind which can now be identified. 
It has sometimes been assumed that Stonehenge was a monument 
that was never completed. I would suggest, on the contrary, that 
it was a completed monument of which only the most durable 
materials have survived the action of weather and the ravages of 
time. 
It is a very significant, circumstance that Mr. Cunnington found 
the base of a “schistose” upright in the outer “bluestone” circle 
between the stones 32 and 33 of the plan, and the gaps in both 
the bluestone circles are strikingly suggestive of a considerable 
number of stones having disappeared. 
Rocks USED AS TOOLS BY THE BUILDERS OF STONEHENGE. 
The materials employed as mauls and axes, of which such an 
interesting collection was made by Mr. Gowland, are also worthy 
of some attention. From small chips broken from the eight mauls, — 
with which Mr. Gowland has supplied me, I have had sections cut. © 
They all prove to be masses of “sarsen” of exceptional hardness _ 
-and induration, approaching quartzite in texture. They have 
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