By William Gowland, F.S.A., F.L.C. 57 























evidently been selected for the work in which they were employed 
owing to their great hardness and toughness. 
The chief features of the rock of these several mauls are as 
follows :— 
1 is a very fine-grained rock of great hardness. The cement between the 
grains is so tough that many of the quartz particles are broken across in the 
fractured surface, giving rise to a peculiar lustre. Under the microscope the 
rock is seen to be made up of quartz-grains, mostly sub-angular, with some 
partially decomposed felspar and black magnetite (?), the whole evidently 
derived from crystalline rocks (granite, etc.). The siliceous cement between 
the grains is almost entirely crystalline. 
2 is very similar to the last, but with some coarser grains. The siliceous 
- cement between the grains, however, is less perfectly crystallized, and under 
_ the microscope with polarized light, resembles the polysynthetic quartz in 
 eataclastic rocks. 
3 is similar to 2, with the exception that the siliceous cement between the 
_ sand-grains is still less perfectly crystallized and is almost chalcedonic in 
character. 
_ 4 is almost identical in character with 2, consisting of grains of sand of 
_ very unequal size. : 
5 is much coarser in grain than any of the preceding varities, and the 
siliceous cement between the large sand-grains is of a perfectly chalcedonic 
_ character. 
6is very similar to the last, being rather coarse-grained, but with the 
chaleedonic cement assuming a somewhat radiated structure around the 
_sand-grains, 
7 is a fine-grained rock, very similar to No. 1 in the size and character of 
the sand-grains, but the cement is chalcedonic rather than perfectly crystalline. 
8 is a much coarser-grained variety with a chalcedonic cement. In 6 and 
8 the radiated fibrous quartz crystals give an appearance resembling that of 
the well-known Ightham Stone, described by Professor Bonney. 






o. 
7 
. 
‘The other smaller hammers are fragments of crystalline rocks 
and quartzite, such as might be obtained in any glacial drift or 
avel deposit. The flints of which the axes are made do not offer 
y special points of interest. They may have been obtained in 
he immediate locality. 
SOURCES FROM WHENCE THE MATERIALS OF STONEHENGE WERE 
DERIVED. 
~ That the great sandstone monoliths of Stonehenge were originally 
greywethers ” lying upon the surface of the chalk downs, probably 

