By Wm. Cunnington, F.G4.S., & Wm. A. Cunnington, Ph.D. 137 
-coombes of the chalk escarpment afford, and it is evident that 
- moraines of varying extent and force must have accompanied these 
glaciers. It may well be supposed that before the ice-age, flints 
had already accumulated on the surface in this district, as a result 
of the denudation of the chalk. Even if not so, the action of ice 
on so soft a material must have quickly resulted in a considerable 
accumulation. Finally, it must be remembered that only a portion 
of the flints in the Knowle gravel show these characteristic 
markings, and that we have abundant evidence that the stones are 
of very varied date and derived from many localities. It will be 
remembered that we have implements rude and highly finished, 
much bouldered and very fresh, polished and unpolished, scratched 
and unseratched. Of the natural stones we have a similar variety, 
including even flints fresh from the chalk. 
The glaciated flints, then, according to our view, have been 
carried down and mixed with a large proportion of unscratched 
- stones, by the action of water, probably in flood time. Embracing 
a large area with abundant flints, and reaching to the immediate 
neighbourhood of glaciers in North Wilts, the Knowle district 
would also probably include some parts of the lower Eocene strata, 
and portions of the Upper Chalk, with deposits of “Clay with 
Flints.” If.that was the case, it is not surprising that a hollow in 
the old valley-bottom should be readily filled up, and at a rate 
which would leave little trace of stratification. On this supposition, 
too, we may account for the occurrence in the same bed of gravel 
of flints much scratched and rolled, with others absolutely free . 
from traces of glaciation. 
It is well to notice that the implements themselves are of very 
lifferent dates. Those with glacial strize on the worked surfaces 
re of the pre- or inter-glacial period, while those entirely un- 
marked, or formed from glaciated flints, must be of post-glacial 
origin. As far as can be judged from the collections hitherto 























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u Mr. Clement Reid has pointed out that the gravel occupies shallow channels 
in what was probably the old valley-bottom. ‘Note on the Paleolithic 
Gravel of Savernake Forest, Wiltshire,” by Clement Reid, F.R.S. ‘“ Man,” 
