138 The Paleolithic Implements and Gravels of Knowle, Wilts. 
made, there are more of the older than of the newer types. 
The large number of implements found has suggested to some 
authors that Knowle was the site of a camping ground, but we see 
no reason for inferring this. Many characteristic flint-flakes have 
been obtained from the pit, some exhibiting well-defined scratches, 
but there is no evidence whatever that man /ived at Knowle, or 
that the implements found were worked on the spot. The compo- 
sition of the gravel shows that it must have been the débris of a 
large district of denuded chalk, mixed with the few foreign 
rocks which are usually found’in such gravels and an abundance 
of man’s implements. 
To return to the scratches themselves. They are in many cases 
deep and noticeable enough, and as a rule the larger flints exhibit 
larger scratches in proportion. The fact that depressions have 
escaped scratching is very worthy of notice. It has been objected 
that the scratches are not so straight or parallel as might be 
expected if they were of glacial origin. Scratches in different 
directions are, however, characteristic of all such glaciated stones, 
and are naturally due to their ever-varying position, as they are 
borne along the bed of the glacier. 
The gravel at, Knowle is not unique in providing scratched flints. 
The so-called eoliths of Mr. Benjamin Harrison, from the plateau 
gravels of Kent, show not infrequently very well-marked scratches, — 
of a similar character, as do also certain undoubted paleeoliths from 
those gravels, described by one of us before the Geological Society 
some few years ago. The nature of these as glacial scratches was 
at that time allowed to pass quite unchallenged. If then we may 
be fairly justified in considering the Knowle scratches as produced 
by glacial action, we have a long train of evidence to show that 
man lived upon the earth in the pre- or inter-glacial period, and 
in so far as certain extremely well-made implements from Knowle — 
exhibit such markings, we have evidence that even then man was 
no novice in the art of striking flakes. 


Oy Sars in OP OSs 
