!304 An Ewflish Manor in the time of Elizabeth. 



farms held on leases for three lives for a fine varying from £4 to 

 £48 each, and a yearly rent in money and grain besides regular 

 weekly work on the manor farm. Juliana Walsh and her two 

 daughters held at Woodman ton one virgate of land, and two and a 

 half virgates of land held by hour tenure, and three-quarters of a 

 virgate terrce nativce ; her rent was 43s. '6\d., and 2s. 6rf. for five 

 acres of bourd land. Her land was in acre strips, twenty-one 

 and a-half in Westfield, twenty-three in Southfield, twenty-three 

 and a-half in Northfield, and eleven and three-quarters in Eastfield, 

 and she had three acres in severalty. On the stubble and com- 

 mon pastures she could graze seventeen beasts and two hundred 

 and forty-five two-tooth sheep. Her grain rent was not the same 

 every year ; in each of the first and second years she paid three 

 and a-half bushels of wheat ; in the third seven bushels of oats ; 

 and in the fourth eight and a-half bushels of wheat ; and so on 

 every four years. She had to send two men to the manor farm 

 for one day's sheep-washing, two men for one day's sheep-shearing 

 one man for one day's harvesting, one man to carry corn for half- 

 a-day in autumn : then she had to plough and harrow as much 

 land on the manor farm as would require one bushel, three pecks, 

 one gallon of seed wheat to sow it, and she had to find the seed 

 and sow it. She had also to plough and harrow one " rudge " of 

 land for oats, and when she died a lieriot had to be paid to the 

 lord of two best beasts. Belief we saw was a payment made by the 

 incoming tenant, the heriot was payable by the heir of a deceased 

 tenant, and was a vestige of the time when the lord gave a tenant 

 his military outfit, which reverted at death, when the lord gave it 

 to another. But in Juliana Walsh's holding we have a much 

 clearer trace of the early custom of the lord setting up the tenant. 

 She was bound to leave behind for her full hour straw and thatch 

 21s. 6f?., and for her three-quarter hour 16s. Id., seed corn for the 

 summer sowing of the hour land, and seven quarters of barley, and 

 straw to feed one beast in the winter. 



The grain rents that varied every year in a rota of four years 

 " according to hour custom," were collected by a reeve and paid to 

 the grange at Wilton ; and at the end of the survey of Bower 



