380 Bn Rco. H. J. Dtikinficld Astlcy, M.A., Litt. D., &c. 



to be " carpenter's masonry," are an absolutely special characteristic 

 of Saxon work, and are never used in Norman work, or indeed 

 anywhere on the Continent. Examples occur of long-and-short 

 pilasters, in Austrasia, as at St. Pantaleon, Cologne, which may be 

 compared with Breamore, Hants.^ 



Long-and-short quoins are unknown out of Saxon England. - 

 Let us now examine the characteristic features of this building.^ 

 These are — (1) the xemdMnwg porticais on the north side, and the 

 strong presumption that there was originally, as Mr. Irvine was 

 convinced, a corresponding iwrticus on the south side. These 

 were known as " alae," but have more in common with the later 

 transepts than with aisles. In neither of them is the door in the 

 centre, the reason of which was to provide space for an altar 

 against the eastern wall ; * (2) the pilasters and arcading on the 

 surface of the exterior walls of the nave and chancel, which, 

 although an added ornamentation to the completed building, are 

 yet part of the original design which the building was intended 



' " So soon as the disastrous and terrifying Danish inroads had become 

 the predoaiinant feature of the time, the art of building must have received 

 a check ; for though a Church ruined by a Viking raid would, as a general 

 rule,' be rebuilt, yet as such raids were often repeated there was no encourage- 

 ment for display or elaboration in any new or renovated fabric. Notwith- 

 standing this, the art of building during the second — or Danish — period was 

 certainly not at a standstill, for the development of the special Saxon 

 peculiarity of the long-and-short quoins must fall within this time. It 

 derives its origin from some of the earliest work, and it is in normal use in 

 the latest period, so that its evolution must fall in the intermediate epoch. 

 It is not easy, however, to identify long-and-short quoins in the making, so 

 to say, for this special arrangement of pieces may occur accidentally in 

 quoins that are not intended to be of this particular character. A more 

 minute examination of our Saxon buildings may reveal evidence of the 

 gradual formation of their characteristic features, but such " Transitional " 

 forms are at present difficult to identify. The quoin at St. Mildred's, 

 Canterbury, which is very unevenly arranged, may be regarded by some as 

 Transitional, and the quoins at Sockburn, Durham, when compared with 

 Escomb, carry the same suggestion." — O/i. cit., p. 297. 

 " 0]0. cit., p. 87 seq., and p. 89. 



* A detailed description is given in Professor Baldwin Brown's The Arts 

 ill Early England, vol. ii., pp. 131 — 139. 



^"The characteristic narrow Saxon doorway at Bradford-on-Avon is 

 rather late than early." — Op. cit. p. 297. 



