76 



Ascending to the summit of Eodway Hill, Mr. Etheridge, 

 by the aid of maps and sections, explained the relations of the 

 " Pennant" to the coals above and below it. The lower Coal- 

 measures of Kingswood Hill, and their relations to the upper 

 measiu-es of Coal-Pit Heath, throxigh the intermediate " Pen- 

 nant," being well shewn and clearly apprehended. 



Quitting Eodway Hill, Mr. Cossham pointed out the position 

 of the outcrop of the "Hard," "Top," "Hollybush," and 

 " Great Veins," now extensively worked over the Coal-Pit 

 Heath area. 



Leaving the Mangotsfield district, the New Red Sandstone 

 and Lias of Shortwood Hill and Pucklechurch were traversed, 

 passing by the way the fine old Manor-house of Siston, the 

 examination of whose small but interesting Church delayed the 

 party for a few minutes. It contains a south porch of " Deco- 

 rated Norman," in good preservation, besides other curious 

 features ; but it does not seem to have been well cared for. 



The lower Coal-measures of Webb's Heath and the numerous 

 old coal-shafts and pit-heaps, indicative of old workings, were 

 passed and noted as far as Bridge, or more properly " Breach " 

 Yate, thence due east over Horncapple and Eiddingbourn Hills 

 to Wick Eocks. This latter point is one of extreme geological 

 interest, affording at the same time an opportunity of studying 

 the most easterly known extension of the carboniferous rocks 

 of the Coal-basin, and of examining the singularly faulted and 

 reversed position of the strata comprising the south-eastern 

 border of the northern Coal-field. This reversion is due to two 

 parallel N.W. and S.E. " faults," which have brought the 

 Carboniferous Limestone from beneath the "Millstone Grit," 

 and thrust it through the mass of that rock; thus at the 

 surface exposing the " Millstone Grit" on both the east and 

 west flanks of the "Carboniferous Limestone," they all dip 

 at an angle of 60° S.W. The Wick Valley has a fringe in 

 patches of " Dolomitic Conglomerate" along its two sides. 



The action and influence of the east " fault" have produced a 



'considerable number of fissures and veins in the limestone, 



now filled in with crystalised carbonate of lime ; — the whole a 



