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foundation of a chimney stack, between this point and the 

 North Gate, but on the outside of the ditch, they found rushes 

 and other aquatic plants, as well as a strong landing-stage 

 built of beams of oak. It was however covered in again. 



Beyond this we come to a row of houses resting partly on 

 the wall and partly on supporting brickwork from the fosse at 

 the back, which is a deserted burial ground. 



We have here reached the north-east angle of the ancient 

 city ; and the wall runs hence in a straight line to my own 

 premises — our starting-point. 



Now a few words on the character of the masonry itself, and 

 its probable age. 



Most Eoman Walls in the south of Britain have pounded 

 brick in the mortar, and bonding courses of tiles to relieve the 

 stonework. So frequently is this the case, that more than once 

 I have seen visitors shake their heads at the masonry forming 

 the subject of this paper, with the remark that it could not be 

 Eoman because these materials were absent. 



The best answer I can offer to the objection is, that in the 

 grandest monument ever built by the "Romans in Britain, the 

 Wall of Hadkian, there is neither brick nor tile. It is con- 

 structed of two faces of stonework, flat pointed, with the 

 intermediate space filled with rubble laid dry and grouted. 

 The facing-stones are cut wedge-shaped, to give a better bond 

 with the centre-mass. The mortar is composed of lime, 

 gravel, and sharp sand. This was the method of building 

 considered the best in the time of Vitrttvitjs. 



In every one of these details this portion of wall I have laid open 

 at Gloucester corresponds with those of the Wall of Hadrian. 



But in some parts of Hadrian's Wall the centre, or core 

 portion, has been built with stones placed herring-bone-wise, 



and with the mortar hand-laid on top of each course. This 



