206 



mound and ditch have been thrown up in a slightly curved line 

 from north to south, the other sides of the enclosed area being 

 protected by the steepness of their natural escarpments. 



2nd. A second form is that in which a portion of a plateau 

 is enclosed by a curved line of embankments, with the ends 

 resting on the escarpment, as on Cleeve Hill (Plate II, fig. 11). 

 3rd. A hill fortified by earthworks conforming to the natural 

 shape of the hill, as Salisbury Hill, near Bath (Plate II, fig. 12,) 

 the level top of which has been protected with a mound thrown 

 up all round it. 



4th. Eectangular Camps, as at Sodbtu-y (Plate II, fig. 15). 

 Three sides of this well-known camp are protected by remark- 

 ably regular earthworks, whilst the fourth side is formed by the 

 natural escarpment. 



5th. Circular or nearly circular Camps, as Windrush Camp 

 (Plate II, fig. 19.) 



There are some Camps whose form is referable to two or 

 even three of these classes, as the Clifton Camp. 



The diagrams on Plates II, III, and IV, are traced from the 

 Ordnance Map, but in every case the forms or position of the 

 earthworks are laid down after personal examination. 



In the following descriptions of the Camps I shall have occa- 

 sion frequently to refer to the notices which are given by Samtjei, 

 RuDDEE, in his " History of Gloucestershire," published in 1779, 

 to whom we are indebted for his industrious researches, accurate 

 observations, and truthful description of so many of these works, 

 as they existed one hundred years ago. He appears to have 

 visited every parish of this county, and to have made inquiries 

 into all matters of natural, historical, and antiquarian interest, 

 including earthworks ; and by this means he has preserved a 

 record of several Camps and many Tumuli, which have since 

 his time been levelled, built over, or otherwise defaced. In 

 order to avoid needless quotations the foregoing table has a 

 column of references to Eudder's " History," from which it will 

 be seen how extensive were his researches into this subject. 

 In another column those works are indicated which are men- 

 tioned by Mr. Baker in his paper on " A Chain of Ancient 



