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mile north-west of Lydney, and Cockbury, two miles west by 

 south of Clearwell. Bury Hill, Christ Church, south of English 

 Bicknor, has no remains distinguishable as ancient earthworks, 

 but the surface of that hill is much broken by pits and quarries. 

 At Westfettry-on-Severn no Camp has been found ; is it possible 

 that one existed on Garden Cliff, and that it has been removed 

 by the encroachments of the Severn wearing back the cliff ? 



The association of the term Bury with so very many of our 

 ancient earthworks, whilst it does not prove their construction 

 by the Saxons, indicates the value set upon them by that people. 

 Thomas Weight, F.S.A., considers that many of these fortified 

 positions were the sites of the dwellings of Saxon chiefs, but as 

 their halls and houses were constructed of wood, all traces of 

 this special occupation have been lost. 



The term Borough, as applied to places in Gloucestershire, 

 may in some instances refer to Camps, but in several cases it is 

 evidently synonymous with Barrow, and refers to a neighbour- 

 ing tumulus, as in Benborough, Longborough, Wadborough, 

 and perhaps in Lasborough. On the Ordnance Map a " Camp" 

 is marked at English Bicknor, but on examination the earth- 

 works so marked are found to consist of a squai-e mound, with 

 projections at the angles, and surrounded with a deep moat-like 

 ditch, and are evidently the site of a medieval castle. " Castle 

 Tump," two miles north of Newent, was also probably the site 

 of another small castle. 



It will be seen from the foregoing descriptions that the most 

 usual form of construction of the Gloucestershire Camps is that 

 in which a projecting portion of a hill-top is cut off from the 

 plateau by earthworks ; the instances in which a Camp was 

 formed by a curved line of works, with the ends resting on the 

 escarpment, is only a modification of the former plan ; in both, 

 the steej) and usually undefended sides of the escarpment formed 

 a large portion of the boundary- of the Camp. This character- 

 istic was probably valued, for Avhilst an attack was scarcely 

 possible, or would be made at great disadvantage up the steep 

 hill-sides, they affoi-ded a ready means of escape to the occupiers 

 of the Camp if overpowered by an attack from the plateau. 

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