253 



corresponds with the local debris, which has accumulated to a 

 great thickness all along the flanks of the Malvern Hills, and m 

 some places extends two miles beyond the hills, and which also, 

 I have no doubt, was accumulated under much colder adapta- 

 tions of climate than at present ; and when great masses of ice 

 and snow, swept down, in the winter time, from the Malvern 

 slopes, and probably melted away beneath the summer sun. 

 These local angular drifts are, I believe, the rehcs of that 

 last cold period which set in, in these latitudes, durmg that 

 comparatively late geological period which restored, for a time, 

 the smaller glaciers of Snowdon and the north of Scotland; 

 and which has caused us Geologists no smaU puzzle, by mingling 

 too-ether drifts and boulders of separate ages through its tor- 

 rents, produced by melting snows and the dragging action of 

 land ice. Haffield Camp is one of several earth-works which, 

 in older times, were numerous at the south-western end of the 

 Malvern Chain, and appear to have run from Gadbury Camp 

 and Eldersfield, by the Coneygre Hill of Bromesberrow and 

 Haffield Camp, to the large fortress of Wall HiUs, near Ledbury. 

 It is interesting to trace the Permian breccia from Haffield, m 

 the direction of the Malverns, and to see how everywhere it dips 

 from the old coast line, against which it was deposited, and by 

 the elevation of which it was upheaved after it had been laid down. 

 It is impossible also not to conclude that the Permian rocks must 

 have once existed m situ along the Malvern range, otherwise 

 than a breccia. Nine-tenths of the angular fragments m the 

 Haffield breccia are fragments of Warshill rock (Permian) re- 

 aggregated and re-arranged. It rests against Old Eed Sandstone 

 at Haffield, Woolhope Limestone near Clincher's Mill, Llan- 

 dovery Eock below Howler's Heath, and against the old gneiss 

 of the Malverns north of Bromesberrow Place and the end of 

 the Chase End HiU. The two hills at the extremity of the 

 Malvern range are known as the Chase End and Ragged Stone 

 HiUs. The Chase End takes its name from being the last hill 

 in the ancient Chase of Malvern, and its name has become 

 corrupted through mis-pronunciation into Kaison, Keysend, 

 Chaisun. It is the last hill which shows the old Laurentiau 



