323 



and localities, are used in a cautious manner which, inspires 

 confidence, wherever objects or facts are mentioned, which no 

 longer exist. Perhaps the author goes a little too far in trying to 

 account for the name Bareland by the Roman Pomoerium. (p. 27) 

 Thus unfolds itself before his mental eye a complete picture of 

 the old fortifications of Glevum, with their battlemented walls, 

 towers, and gates. The Drawing Master of the Gloucester 

 School of Art, Mr. John Kemp, has sketched a view for the 

 bodily eyes of the reader, which is added to the pamphlet in a 

 nicely lithographed plate (p. 28). Of more value than this harm- 

 less trifle are the measurements of stones from the old city walls, 

 (consisting of the Oolite of the district), which are given in 

 several instances. One of these stones was 7 feet long and 1 foot 

 9 inches thick; its length formed the depth of the wall, the smaller 

 side being in front (p 28). A well preserved piece of wall still 

 shows stones 3 to 4 feet in length ; he calls it "a very striking 

 sight" (p. 28). Plate 1 (after the sketch of J. P. Moore,) gives 

 an interesting view of the large piece of the wall preserved, 

 almost 50 feet long, close to the author's house at the Eastgate, 

 together with the elevation and the details of the same. The 

 actual fabric of the wall rests on a foundation of large blocks, 

 similar to the one mentioned, and which were intersected by 

 drain spaces ; the fabric itself consists of hewn stones, about 

 12 inches long, 11 inches wide, and 5 inches high. The core of 

 the wall, which is almost 10 feet wide at the bottom, and 

 diminishes proportionately towards the top, is formed by a 

 rubble of boulder and grouted mortar, as hard as rock; the 

 additions above it do not date further back than the middle 

 ages. At irregular intervals of from three to five feet, but at 

 the same height, carefully-preserved square holes are found in 

 the masonry. The author identifies them by a Vitruvia.n 

 prescription (p. 31) about the building of walls, according to 

 which, beams of olive wood were to be inserted for the 

 strengthening of the fabric. (1) As there were no olive trees in 

 England, oaken beams had been used according to the author's 



(1) ViTEUVius, 1,5, in crassitudine perpetuae taleae oleagineae ustilatae quam 

 creberrimae instruantur, uti utraeque muri frontes inter se, quemadmodum fibulLs, 

 his taleis conligatae aeternam habeant firmitatem. 



