327 



explain the farther advance. Advancing by way of Calleva 

 (Silchester), P. Ostorius Scapula first of all fortified some places 

 on the coast, to keep open the Maritime connection with Gaul 

 and Germany, and thus secured the first chief section of the 

 Island, as far as the line between the estuaries of the Thamesis 

 and the Sabrina (the mouth of the Thames and the Bristol 

 Channel). The Colony of Camulodunum, or a fortified camp in 

 the neighbourhood, established by Ostorius (Agric. 14), for the 

 purpose of subduing the Ikeni who lived further east, was most 

 probably the standing quarters (later on also a Colony for 

 veterans) of the 14th Legion. This is borne out by the account 

 of the rebellion of Queen Boadicea, Avhich rebellion was put 

 down by the legate of Nero, Suetonius PauUinus, with the help 

 of this Legion (1). For the same reason this Legion was the 

 most convenient to order from Britain to Germany for the 

 purpose of fighting against Civilis (Hist. 4, 68-76), after which 

 it did not return to Britain. Even before the foundation of 

 Camulodunum (the date may have been altered by Tacitus (2) 

 or his authority, in the purposely shortened account F, in order 

 to conform to local tradition), the legate had purposed cuncta 

 castris Avonam inter et Sabrinam fluvios cohibere : (3) this is 

 exactly the western region corresponding with Colchester in the 

 east, only lying somewhat nearer Venta — Calleva, the main 

 line of operation. This explains the campaign against Caractacus, 

 which, although ending in a brilliant victory of the Roman 

 troops, and the capture of the British Prince, yet did not, as 

 the wording of the account clearly proves, result in a permanent 

 occupation of the territory of the Siluri and Ordoviki (4). The 



(1) Ann. 14, 34 jam Suetonio quarta decuma legio cum vexillariis vicensimanis 

 et e proximis auxiliares erant. Compare C.I.L. vii, p. 84. 



(2) Ann. 12, 40 haec quamquam a duobus propraetoribus pliues per annos gesta 

 conjunxi, ne devisa hand perinde ad memoriam sui valerent. 



(3) Ann. 12, 31, according to Nipperdey's interpretation of the text, which I 

 consider the most probable. 



(4) Ann. 12, 38 Censentur Oxtario — after the pardon of Caractacus, described in 

 such vivid and beautiful colours, which, to my surprise, no English artist has 

 chosen for his subject — Triumphi insignia, pi-osperis ad id ribus I'ivs nwT amhigiiis, 

 xive amoto Cnrntavo, qvaxi dchcllatvm fvrct. mimix intcnta apiid nos militia fvit, 

 «(f hostes mixeratione tanti regis acrixis ad iiltionrm rrarscrc. 



