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One of the best known of the marine Radiolaria is Collozowm, 
within the sarcode of which are distributed a number of 
yellow cells. These have been remarked on by many observers, 
among others by Jonannes Miuurr, Huxtey, the Herrwies 
and Hicker. The latter, taking them for secreting cells, 
found starch in them which confirmed his view that they had 
a nutritive function. Crenxowsx1 first advanced the notion 
that they were parasitic algae. Dr Branpt, of Berlin, the most 
recent investigator, after one or more preliminary papers, 
published last year, in the proceedings of the Philosophical 
Society of Berlin, a paper on what he terms the “‘ Zusammen- 
leben” or Symbiosis of Animals and Algae. 
He has made experiments on the green bodies in Hydra 
viridis, Spongilla, Stentor; i.e. on some of the animals I have 
already described as possessing Chlorophyll coloured granules. 
He has crushed out these green bodies, has found they are not 
uniformly green, he finds a nucleus in each, and on these 
grounds he comes to the conclusion that ‘the Chlorophyll 
coloured bodies are not parts of the tissues of the animals 
bearing them, but that they are ‘“‘independent organisms.” 
He further contends that they are capable of carrying on an 
independent existence, and that it naturally follows that the 
green colouring belongs not to the Hydra or Spongilla, but to 
plants which live within them. He names them Zoochlorella 
and Zooanthella. 
GerppEs in the meantime, in ignorance of Branpt’s paper, 
pursuing investigations into the nature of the yellow and green 
cells, contends too that these are algae, with walls of true plant 
cellulose, and asserts that the evolution of oxygen from the 
animals he has studied is due to the plants living with them in 
this novel association. There is, it is sought to be established, 
a mutual interdependence between the two organisms; the 
vegetable cell contributes nutriment to the animal; on the 
other hand, the waste of the animal’s tissue contributes food to 
the plant; in addition, the evolved oxygen of the plant is 
beneficial to the animal. 
My interest in this question was much increased by finding, 
in March last, four specimens of a brilliant green Rhabdocele 
