328 
but one of the best and most constantly marked species we 
have, and that it ought to remain in our system as the S. sal- 
mulus of Ray.” He also says, “from the migratory salmon it 
is separated entirely by its habits. The correct distinguishing 
marks to be seen by a person who has not leisure to make a 
minute examination are the great size of the pectoral fins, the 
shortness of the maxillary bones, and consequently small gape, 
and the narrow breadth between the rami of the lower law.” * 
Jenynst gives the Salmo salmulus, which he remarks is now 
pretty well ascertained to be a distinct species, always remaining 
of a small size. It is called in some places a “ par,” in others 
a “skirling” or “brandling.” According to Dr HrysHam 
(Catalogue of the Animals of Cumberland. page 31) the adult fish 
go down to the sea after spawning, which takes place, as in the 
other migratory species of this genus, in the depth of winter. 
Sir Jonn Ricnarpson (Encyclopedia Britannica, Ed. 1835, 
page 205) says, “the ova continue covered by the gravel during 
the winter, and begin to vivify from about the end of March to 
the commencement of April. The fry remove from under the 
gravel when nearly an inch in length, with the ovum still 
attached ; and at this period, if the spawning bed or furrow be 
turned up, it will appear in motion. When disengaged from 
the ova the fish increase in size more rapidly, and about the end 
of April and during May commence and perform their first 
migration or journey to the sea. At this time they are from 
four to six inches in length.” 
YaRRELL (History of British Fishes, Edition 1, 1836, i. page 
15,) observes of the fry of the various species of Salmonide 
that “it is this similarity in marking and appearance of the fry 
which has caused the difficulty in distinguishing between the 
various species when so young; and experimenters, believing 
they had marked young par only, have been surprised to find 
some of their marked fish return as grilse, young bull-trout, or 
whitling, salmon-trout, river-trout, and true par.” ‘The las- 
pring of some rivers is the young of the true salmon, but in 
* “ Berwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club I, page 84. 
+ ‘Manual of British Vertebrate Animals,” 1835, page 426. 
a 
ray 
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