9 
times, igneous upheavals took place, which made the South 
Wales and Dean Forest coalfields available for man, and con- 
cluded his address with an eloquent description of the days of 
the mammoth and pre-historic man during the time of the 
Severn Straits. Now I am not going to dwell upon the many 
changes which have taken place in the Malverns and May 
Hill, and which were felt upon the spot upon which we are 
standing, but I strongly advise those who wish to study the 
subject to refer to the able paper by Dr Holl on The Geo- 
logical Structure of the Malvern Hills; in the Quarterly 
Journal of the Geological Society, Vols. XX. and XXI.; and 
also Professor Phillip’s Malvern Hills (Mem. Geol. Survey 
of Gt. B., Vol. II. pt. 1.) The time of the upheaval of the 
beds before us was during the Permian age, when probably 
the igneous rocks at Damory Bridge, near Berkeley, Charfield 
Green, and also the ridge of Silurian rocks which cross the 
Severn at Purton Passage were brought to the surface. That it 
was before the deposit of the new Red Sandstone is beyond all 
doubt, as that formation rests upon the boss under our feet at 
the slight dip of about 2 degs. S.S.E., the same as we shall pre- 
sently see in the New Red Sandstone at Garden Cliff. You will 
observe a marked resemblance in the contorted condition of these 
Silurian beds to those in the quarry at Huntley, which was so 
well explained to us by Dr Smithe in 1887. There is the same 
evidence of great lateral pressure, but the beds are not folded to 
the same extent, as Flaxley is further removed from the seat of 
the disturbance which brought May Hill to the surface.. I do not 
know a more interesting place in our neighbourhood wherein to 
study physical geology. All to the west are the older Paleozoic 
rocks rising into hills and mountains, while to the east and south 
the oldest rocks which are visible are those belonging to the 
Secondary or New Red formation, and we are now standing on 
the edge of an enormous downthrow fault. You may naturally 
ask where are all the older series of rocks? What has become 
of the Silurians; the great thickness of the Old Red; the 
3,500 feet of the Carboniferous series of the Forest of Dean; 
the Permians, of which the only trace we know of is at Haffield ? 
