339 
from the neighbourhood of Safed to the south end of the Dead 
Sea, but determined and shewn on Mr Armstrong’s map 
through the Wady Arabah with the geological details of 
Professor Hull marked thereon. The Valley of the Jordan and 
basin of the Dead Sea is one of the most remarkable on the 
earth’s surface; “‘as observed by Murchison it is the key of the 
Geology of the whole district.” It will be noted that the height 
of the summit at Jerusalem above the sea is about the same as 
the depth to the bottom of the hollow of the Dead Sea below 
it in both cases about 2600 feet. 
The fault so far as it can be illustrated is upwards of 3000 
feet as indicated on the section.* That it arose at the close 
of the Eocene Period may be concluded from the section which 
shows the upheaval of the cretaceous and nummulitic lime- 
stones of Western Palestine, both marine formations then 
converted into land areas. Then it was that the fracture of the 
formations became developed by the contraction of their 
constituent materials in this great fault which brings into 
contact as shewn the limestones with the Nubian sandstone. 
The period of upheaval is also arrived at as stated from the 
fact of no Miocene of a marine character being found in Pales- 
tine. It is probable that at this period of change and 
disturbance the mountains in Western Arabia in the Sinaitic 
peninsula and in Moab arose, and the main confirmation of the 
country as existing at the present day was established. It 
would seem from the numerous terraces which may be traced 
on the sides of the Ghor and the cliffs and escarpments 
adjoining the Dead Sea that a very extensive lake existed in 
the valley of the Jordan, the waters in which were maintained 
by a heavier rainfall than at present exists, which rainfall is 
quite insufficient to account for the great denudation apparent 
in the wadies and ravines that has been previously referred 
to. 
*The maximum displacement is at the south end of the Ghor opposite 
Mount Hor. ; 
