341 
3rd.—The uprise of the numerous mineral volcanic springs 
to high levels hundreds of feet above the surface of the sea is 
another. 
4th.—The evaporation required to account for the whole 
affluent waters does not exceed what may be expected, having 
regard to their location in the latitude, say 31°30’ in the 
deepest hole in the earth’s surface (i.e. nearly 1300 feet below 
the Red Sea), wherein the air having traversed large tracts of 
tropical waterless and desert land is deprived of its moisture 
and rapidly imbibes that from a large expanse of exposed 
surface. In England, lat. say 51’ 30”, after long summer 
drought we find an evaporation of one-tenth of an inch per 
diem, a little above sea level. In India, at the large reservoir 
at Ambajhari, (containing 1500 million gallons) that supplies 
Nagpur, about lat. 21° 9”, situated 519 miles N.E. of Bombay, 
the evaporation stated by Mr Binney between October, 1872, 
and June, 1873, (clear of the monsoon months, viz., June, 
July, August, September, and early part of October) was 
"0289 feet, somewhat over one-third of an inch per diem. 
This reservoir being situated from 975 to 1015 feet above 
sea level. 
In the proceedings of the American Geological Association 
there is important information on the subject of evaporation 
from the large Salt Lakes in that country. Mr George Karl 
Gilbert, the Geologist in charge of the report on Lake 
Bonneville, having an area nearly 20,000 square miles, says 
that he has estimated that 80 inches are usually removed by 
evaporation from this Salt Lake annually, and Mr Thomas 
Russell has computed from annual means of temperature 
vapourtention and wind velocity that in the lowlands of the 
great Salt Lake basin the annual rate of evaporation from 
water surfaces ranges from 60 inches at the north to 150 inches 
at the south. The total area is 210,000 square miles. The 
boundary of the great basin is Columbia on the north, Colorado 
(of the west) on the east, and the basins of Sacramento River 
on the west. 
